Quest Vitamins LTD, |
Immune SystemDESCRIPTIONThe immune system may be described as an army waging an ongoing war against potential invaders such as bacteria, viruses and fungi. Many of us do not appreciate its complexity, but our immune system is a highly organised network of specialised cells with the ability to selectively destroy disease-causing microorganisms. Organs of the immune system include the liver, spleen, thymus and Lymphatic System. FUNCTIONThe job of the immune system is to recognise and dispose of foreign or non-self particles. This is vital for keeping our bodies free of disease and Infection, but the efficiency of the immune system can sometimes cause problems. For instance, transplant surgeons have to overcome the problem of rejection or else life saving organs are destroyed by the body. In addition, the immune system is sometimes a little over-zealous, mounting an immune response to harmless substances such as pollen or dust. The Skin is the first line of defence against invading pathogens but if this is breached then the white blood cells - the body?s "infantry" against disease - spring into action. White blood cells are manufactured in the bone marrow but mature elsewhere in the body. There are three main classes: Phagocytes - a type of immune cell that engulfs foreign particles. B-lymphocytes - these cells produce antibodies (proteins which tag foreign particles so that they can be destroyed by phagocytes). T-lymphocytes - destroy virus invaded cells and mutant cells by non-phagocytic means. The most remarkable feature of the immune system is its ability to remember past encounters with foreign particles or microorganisms, such that if it is confronted with them again, it has a certain amount of resistance and can mount a swift response. Throughout our lives the immune system is continually evolving, building up resistance to a variety of different strains of bacteria, viruses etc. The immune system of a new born baby is very immature and is unable to synthesise antibodies, leaving the baby at the mercy of a number of pathogens at such a vulnerable time. Fortunately, antibodies transfer from the mother to the foetus during Pregnancy, thereby providing a small amount of protection. In addition, the mother?s breast milk contains valuable antibodies, which provide further protection against disease. FACTORS WHICH AFFECT HEALTHThe immune system is not perfect and its efficiency can be affected by a number of factors including: Nutritional Status Whilst there is nothing we can do about our gender, ethnic origin or genetic make-up, we can take control of other aspects of our lives to ensure that the immune system does not become compromised in any way. Safeguarding intakes of essential nutrients for immune function such as vitamins A, C and E, Selenium and Zinc, and limiting alcohol consumption are just two steps that can go a long way to maintaining the strength of the immune system. COMMON COMPLAINTSConditions affecting the functioning of the immune system can be divided into three classes: Autoimmune Autoimmune diseases Rheumatoid arthritis Treatment for the disease varies from person to person but usually involves the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to relieve joint pain and stiffness. In some cases, immunosuppressant drugs are used to slow the progression of the disease, but this treatment may also be accompanied by unwanted side effects. Consequently, many sufferers supplement with Evening Primrose Oil, a rich source of the omega-6 fatty acid, gamma linolenic acid (GLA). GLA is converted by the body into beneficial prostaglandins which may help to correct a faulty immune system (2). Multiple Sclerosis Allergies Hay Fever is a good example of an immediate hypersensitivity reaction where certain inhaled substances (frequently pollens) stimulate the production of antibodies. These antibodies bind to mast cells which release histamine resulting in the local dilation of blood vessels. Histamine production in the upper respiratory tract results in sneezing and a runny nose (due to increased mucous secretion - a result of localised irritation). There is no cure for hay fever but avoiding the allergen which provokes the immune response is the best way of avoiding the misery associated with the condition. Alternatively, Echinacea may help to support the health of the immune system (3,4) and when combined with Vitamin C (a natural antihistamine) (5) the benefits are further increased. Immunodeficiency diseases Alternatively, an immune deficiency disease may be acquired. Reasons for this include cancer treatment, the use of anti-inflammatory agents such as cortisol derivatives and Infection with HIV, which usually leads to acquired immune deficiency disease (AIDS). MAINTAINING HEALTHSubtle changes to the diet and the use of nutritional supplements can be very useful for supporting immune health. The efficiency of the immune system may be compromised by a diet high in saturated fat or cholesterol. Research has shown that subjects consuming a diet rich in cholesterol have a diminished immune response. Scientists have yet to establish a definitive link between caffeine intake and impaired immunity, but it may be wise to limit consumption of caffeinated drinks such as tea, coffee and coke. Vitamin C is fundamental to immune health and research has shown that during an Infection, levels of this nutrient may become depleted (6). As a result, many people choose to supplement with 1-2g vitamin C per day. Also, a regular intake of at least 1000mg Vitamin C may help to reduce the duration of the Common Cold and the severity of symptoms (7). Vitamin A is required for maintaining the health of mucous membranes and increased intakes may be useful for warding off respiratory Infections. Additionally, supplementing with 400i.u. Vitamin E may help to support a healthy immune response. Zinc is an essential mineral for immune function and a minor deficiency can have serious effects on all aspects of the immune system. Those troubled with frequent Infections or people who eat little or no meat, fish, cheese, eggs, pulses and seeds (rich sources of zinc) may wish to take a zinc supplement. Aged garlic extract possesses potent anti-viral, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity and scientific studies have shown that it stimulates various facets of the immune system. It is particularly useful during the winter when colds and flu are more prevalent. Echinacea purpurea is a herb which is used traditionally as an immune stimulant. The herb contains useful compounds which stimulate the production of white blood cells, thereby helping to reduce the body?s susceptibility to Infection (8). HERBSEchinacea NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTSVitamin A REFERENCES1. The BMA Complete Family Health Encyclopedia, Ed. Dr T Smith. 1995. | 
|
